竹柏嫩枝扦插育苗试验初报

从竹柏树冠中、上部选取当年或１年生的嫩枝作插穗、，按不同时间、不同浓度的生长激素处理和不同的基质等３方面进行试验，结果表明：竹柏可以进行嫩枝扦插，且成活率高，最高可达９８％以上；扦插时间以３月上、中旬最佳，其次是９月中旬；激素处理有利于竹柏扦插生根，但浓度不宜过大，浸泡时间不宜过长，以ＡＢＴ－１号生根粉０．５h为宜；在基质选择上，应选择肥力条件、透气保水力等都较好的土壤。     

竹柏育苗与栽培技术

竹柏是近年来发展起来的广泛应用于庭园，住宅小区 街道等地段绿化的优良风景树，为了充分开发利用树种资源，根据竹柏的生态习性特点，探索竹柏的采种，育苗与栽培管理技术，实践证明，通过合理管理，竹柏能形成树干通直圆满，树态优美，抗病虫害强的理想庭园风景树种。     

罗汉松抗白蚁成份的提取及生物测定

现在人们越来越多地使用生物杀虫剂来防治白蚁。对罗汉松中的抗白蚁生物活性成份进行了提取和生物测定。结果表明．利用乙醇、乙醚、丙酮及水等溶剂对罗汉松木粉进行提取及分离后得到了两组化学组分(E6．E7)．它们对家白蚁都有较好的毒害作用．14d内对白蚁的致死率分别为100％和90．3％。     

海南岛尖峰岭鸡毛松人工林乔木层生物量和生产力研究

对海南岛尖峰岭35年生鸡毛松人工林生物量的结构与分布特点、净初级生产力和林分生长的动态变化进行了研究。结果表明,鸡毛松人工林乔木层生物量达285 53t·hm-2,其中树干为190 82t·hm-2,树皮为19 19t·hm-2,树枝为35 93t·hm-2,树叶为7 96t·hm-2,根为31 63t·hm-2,鸡毛松不同器官生物量的比例为树干∶树枝∶根∶树皮∶树叶=24 0∶4 5∶4 0∶2 4∶1 0。12～22cm径级的立木生物量占总生物量的70 9%,而8m以下的树干生物量占其总生物量的80%以上。1～25a内生物量增长迅速,年平均净生产量随年龄的增加而增大,25a后生物量增长相对较慢,进入生长的平稳期。35a鸡毛松人工林乔木层年平均净生产力可达10 34t·hm-2·a-1,最大可达13 99t·hm-2·a-1,表现出较高的生产力。     

Soil CO2 efflux in an Afromontane forest of Ethiopia as driven by seasonality and tree species

Variability of soil CO₂ efflux strongly depends on soil temperature, soil moisture and plant phenology. Separating the effects of these factors is critical to understand the belowground carbon dynamics of forest ecosystem. In Ethiopia with its unreliable seasonal rainfall, variability of soil CO₂ efflux may be particularly associated with seasonal variation. In this study, soil respiration was measured in nine plots under the canopies of three indigenous trees (Croton macrostachys, Podocarpus falcatus and Prunus africana) growing in an Afromontane forest of south-eastern Ethiopia. Our objectives were to investigate seasonal and diurnal variation in soil CO₂ flux rate as a function of soil temperature and soil moisture, and to investigate the impact of tree species composition on soil respiration. Results showed that soil respiration displayed strong seasonal patterns, being lower during dry periods and higher during wet periods. The dependence of soil respiration on soil moisture under the three tree species explained about 50% of the seasonal variability. The relation followed a Gaussian function, and indicated a decrease in soil respiration at soil volumetric water contents exceeding a threshold of about 30%. Under more moist conditions soil respiration is tentatively limited by low oxygen supply. On a diurnal basis temperature dependency was observed, but not during dry periods when plant and soil microbial activities were restrained by moisture deficiency. Tree species influenced soil respiration, and there was a significant interaction effect of tree species and soil moisture on soil CO₂ efflux variability. During wet (and cloudy) period, when shade tolerant late successional P. falcatus is having a physiological advantage, soil respiration under this tree species exceeded that under the other two species. In contrast, soil CO₂ efflux rates under light demanding pioneer C. macrostachys appeared to be least sensitive to dry (but sunny) conditions. This is probably related to the relatively higher carbon assimilation rates and associated root respiration. We conclude that besides the anticipated changes in precipitation pattern in Ethiopia any anthropogenic disturbance fostering the pioneer species may alter the future ecosystem carbon balance by its impact on soil respiration.     

Growth and competitiveness of the New Zealand tree species Podocarpus cunninghamii is reduced by ex-agricultural AMF but enhanced by forest AMF

The composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities found in agricultural systems has been found to be very different to that of forest. The implications of this, if any, for the restoration of indigenous forest on ex-agricultural land is poorly understood. This study investigated the effect that AMF communities isolated from ex-agricultural and forest soils have on the growth of an indigenous New Zealand tree species (Podocarpus cunninghamii). The forest AMF community was isolated from a remnant stand of P. cunninghamii forest and the ex-agricultural AMF from a retired grazing grassland. In addition, the study examined how the two AMF communities affected the competitiveness of P. cunninghamii when grown in competition with an invasive grass species (Agrostis capillaris), which is frequently dominant on ex-agricultural land in New Zealand. P. cunninghamii growth was significantly decreased by inoculation with ex-agricultural AMF compared to forest AMF. Furthermore, the forest AMF community was able to significantly increase P. cunninghamii root production when in competition with A. capillaris. The findings suggest that when attempting to restore indigenous forest on ex-agricultural land, inoculation of tree seedlings with appropriate forest AMF may improve their growth and survival.     

低温胁迫对竹柏生理生化特征的影响

[目的]对引种的竹柏幼苗进行冬季低温胁迫研究。[方法]通过测定竹柏幼苗叶片质膜相对透性、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量和叶绿素含量等生理指标,研究竹柏幼苗在自然条件下（18～25℃）的和人控低温（5～6℃）条件下这些生理指标连续5 d的变化规律。[结果]竹柏幼苗叶片可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量和质膜相对透性均较对照有所上升;叶绿素含量随着低温胁迫时间的延长逐渐下降。[结论]竹柏幼苗对低温胁迫产生了积极的响应,受低温伤害有所降低。     

补光和寡糖添加处理对罗汉松苗木生长的影响

以罗汉松当年生实生苗为对象,通过人工补光延长每天育苗的光照时间,施肥时添加寡糖处理,翌年在控制条件下对越冬苗木进行模拟倒春寒处理,取样调查苗木春季生长和干物质。结果表明,添加寡糖处理对苗高、地径和新生根系数量无影响。添加寡糖、延长光照处理地径和当年生叶长分别提高17%和79%,补光对促进苗高的生长和新生根数量的增加具显著影响;延长光照和添加寡糖对地上部和地下根系的干物质积累均有显著促进,补光并添加寡糖处理的茎干干物质较少,根系干物质较大;添加寡糖、延长光照处理的苗木质量提高。     

Conducting Tissue of Leaves in Nageia and Podocarpus

The conducting tissue structure of transverse and longitudinal sections was observed on leaves of Podocarpus and Nageia.Results showed:in Podocarpus leaves,there is only one midrib,the xylem tracheid of midrib vascular bundle is multi-form,transfusion tissue belongs to Cycas-type and transfusion tracheids are isodiametric,the accessory transfusion tracheids between palisade tissue and sponge tissue are developed;in Nageia leaves,there are plenty of parallel leaves,the xylem tracheids of each vein are relatively simple,transfusion tissue belongs to Taxus-type and transfusion tracheids are longer in longitudinal section than that in transverse section,the accessory transfusion tissue between palisade tissue and sponge tissue is absent.Considering other differences that in leaves of Podocarpus there are three resin ducts under vascular bundle of midrib,mesophyll cells are differentiated into palisade tissue and sponge tissue;in leaves of Nageia,there is only one resin duct under vascular bundle in each vein and no obvious differentiation in mesophyll cells,palisade tissue can be found on both sides,and sclereids can also be found in mesophyll tissue.The anatomical differences of leaf veins and mesophylls between Nageia and Podocarpus mentioned above support the viewpoint that Nageia and Podocarpus are two independent genera.     

模拟低温胁迫对活性氧代谢保护酶系统的影响--以长叶竹柏(Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel)幼苗为例

为了探讨低温胁迫对长叶竹柏幼苗活性氧代谢保护酶系统的影响,选取长叶竹柏的2龄幼苗为试验材料。模拟零上和零下低温胁迫进行研究。试验结果表明,低温胁迫下。特别是在温度过低和骤冷时,细胞膜脂过氧化作用加剧,细胞膜的选择透性受到伤害,电解质大量外渗,电导率增大。同时,SOD,CAT和POD活性及膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量的测定表明,程度不大的低温胁迫不会对植物造成严重的膜脂过氧化伤害,部分原因可能是SOD,CAT和POD活性的协调一致性。只有极低温,如-10℃,-20℃下,细胞膜才会发生严重的膜脂过氧化作用。